Summary of a book chapter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Summary of a book chapter - Assignment Example Precisely, this means that there is a ‘rising importance of religious beliefs, practices, and discourses in life,’ which has signiï ¬ cant inferences for international relations (Thomas 2005: 26). Religion and politics are profoundly intertwined in the ancient days, unlike the modern world where these elements stand as independent entities. Medieval authority spread among a chain of command of religious and political rulers. When the Thirty Years War in Europe (1618–48) was over, a new modern era presaged the liberation of European leaders from the religious–political authority of Christendom. Power and authority became concentrated at one point. Although religious beliefs were disgorged from the political life, religion still inï ¬â€šuences the political agenda in many countries. Policy and issues approach seeks to prove that in an anarchist world ‘states have a hierarchy of interests. Specifically, the pattern occurs with security at the top, followed by economic welfare, and then the ideological and humanitarian concerns at the lowest level (Desch 1998: 160). Some theorists believe human economic and social activity is taking place in a way that portends some form of deindustrialized society (Lee 1993). The anthropocentric and Judeo-Christians argue that man exploits nature in pursuit of human destiny and development. Notably, this is different from an eco-radical worldview that puts an equal value of humans and nature (Eckersley 1992; Goodin 1992). Eco-radicals contend that the state is the cause of the environmental crisis (Carter 1993). Nevertheless, there is no agreement about the role of the state or its alternative. Consequently, this brings the current debate on the scope and depth of necessary reforms for facing the environmental challenge. The New Patterns of War and Peace approach claims that armed conï ¬â€šict takes place within