The Teenage Experiences - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 573 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2018/12/17 Category Literature Essay Type Book review Level High school Tags: Teenager Essay Did you like this example? Human beings start their lives in childhood and proceed to develop into adults. In the childhood stage of life, individuals engage in activities that have child orientation. They tend to be shy, and mixing with other people is a little bit challenging. It happens so if the people with whom they intend to socialize are older than them. In the short story Girls at Play, Celeste Ng illustrates the transformation of life from childhood using four main characters. The story communicates that coming-of-age is a gradual process, where the individual transforms both in the body and personality. The girls are in the upper grade of education, and past thirteen years. At this stage, they know how to play around and socialize with the learners of the opposite sex. They have colors which imply different actions. For instance, Ng states pink means kissing, red means tongue; green means up your shirt, blue means down his pants. (pg1). They use the colors to communicate the course of action, something that is quite difficult for young kids. It is a clear indication that the girls are coming-of-age. Grace, their new friend, is also coming-of-age. Once she complained of a stomach problem, the bigger girls knew she was approaching her menses, and they taught her to use sanitary pads. Ng writes didnt someone explain? An aunt, the health teacher, someone? (p5) These questions were a clear indication that Grace knew nothing about menses, but she is now learning about it practically. The broader idea of this short story is criticism. The three girls criticized their friend Grace for her looks. Ng states, From all the way across the blacktop we can see that everything about her was wrong. (p2). This statement comes from the three girls, referring to Grace who in their opinion looked inexperienced and out of place. They criticize her dressing code, claiming that the shirt she wears is not proportional to her small body size. Her standing posture is a laughing matter to them. Ng writes, Even the way she stands is wrong, hands clasped behind her back. They feel that all these things happen because she does not have the experience of a grown-up girl. They even go an extra mile to criticize the work that she does and try to picture him with his full work attire. The characters in the story remind me of my teen years. From the age of thirteen years, my friends and I always felt some sense of heroism, based on the fact that we felt like adults. The same case happens to Grace, whose interaction with the other girls opens her eyes and mind to the teenage life. Ng states Each of us steals something, to show her how. (p4). The girls are training Grace to steal items from the drugstore, and how to hide them in their bodies to avoid any possible searches. Later, they train her playing the game they play with the boys, and they do not follow up what happens between her and the boys when they leave her with them at the flagpole. We turn away then, and close our e yes so that we never know if Grace follows them to the bleachers or not. (p6) It reminds me of the things we used to do during our teenage years, and some of us had to learn it the hard way. The experiences opened our eyes to see more new things. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Teenage Experiences" essay for you Create order

Identity Theft The Problem With Security - 1901 Words

Identity Theft: The problem with security of who we are Identity theft is the talk of the day with many victims suffering from its dire consequences. It has the means to ruin an individual s life with being doubted in the near future when trying to accomplish anything that is credit and government related. It has sent many innocent people behind bars with accusations that are fraudulent and unnecessary. By a simple credit card number and social security number, the whole identity profile will be revealed in the eyes of criminal hacker whose main purpose is financial and benefit gain. They the social security numbers to open bank accounts and also uses the credit accounts to make purchases as their own. Identity theft hackers steal†¦show more content†¦It shows that hackers hunt and steal for major corporations for that they include credit card data and as well some with bank account information of its users on the PlayStation network which is powered by Sony. PlayStation net work runs on a shop platform to manage its players which include saving your credit or debit card information if purchases are to be made in the network. Sony has issued to those who became of the victim of their identity theft case each â€Å"1 million dollars† (Lewis, 2011) to each of its members designed to â€Å"cover legal expenses, identity restoration and lost wages†(Lewis, 2011). Besides the PlayStation network also Qriocity music an individual company before now owned by Sony was also affected. They made an inclusion that each members of both media establishment are to download the service free membership of an identity protection program in order to protect and rebuild the credit and identity of the victims of the case. This was Sony’s approach on protecting its customers as well as the company on the attacks that happened and the future attacks that can happen. Was this a good approach or not? Sony PlayStation network and Qriocity Music which was an individual company before but now owned by Sony had an identity

Plato Vs. Descartes Essay Example For Students

Plato Vs. Descartes Essay Descartes vs. PlatoIn the field of philosophy there can be numerous answers to a general question, depending on a particular philosopher’s views on the subject. Often times an answer is left undetermined. In the broad sense of the word and also stated in the dictionary philosophy can be described as the pursuit of human knowledge and human values. There are many different people with many different theories of knowledge. Two of these people, also philosophers, in which this paper will go into depth about are Descartes and Plato. Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy and Plato’s The Republic are the topics that are going to be discussed in this paper. In Meditations, Descartes brings doubt to everything he believes because it is human nature to believe that which is false. He states that most of what he believes comes from the senses and that a lot of times those senses can be deceived. His conclusion of doubting everything is based on his example of a basket of apples. It goes as follows; you have a basket of apples but you fear that some apples have gone bad and you don’t want them to rot the others, so you throw all the apples out of the basket. Now that the basket is empty you examine each apple carefully and return the good apples to the basket. This is what he does with his beliefs, he follows and keeps only those beliefs of which he is sure of. Our beliefs as a whole must be discarded and then each individual belief must be looked at carefully before we can accept it. We must only accept those beliefs we feel are good. Descartes does realize, though, that we can’t throw every belief out because they are a part of us, unlike the apples. If the beliefs were not a part of us we would have no basis for recovering any of the discarded beliefs because we are unable to justify anything. He states that no belief based on sense-perception is free from doubt, it is possible that this life is all a dream and we are being deceived into thinking it is reality. Descartes also finds that anything that exists physically is false, even including his own body. The only things we should trust are those beliefs that can be held up to rational scrutiny. Thus Descartes doubts everything but himself, he feels himself is the only thing in this life which cannot be proven false. He states that if he had no knowledge of himself than nothing can be certain. If he himself can doubt than he must exist and in cannot be proven false. Another proof that he exists is that in order to be deceived one must be able to exist. Descartes states in his famous quote, I think, therefore I am. What was just explained above is Des cartes first step to gaining knowledge, that is to build on what you know is certain and use yourself as the foundations. Now his second step he tries to show how we know bodies through reason and now through our senses. He uses a piece of wax to demonstrate this theory. A piece of wax place by a fire will in time change form and shape and thus lose all its specific properties, yet it is still known as wax. In order to understand what wax is you must be able to know it in all its forms and anticipate its changes. But Descartes argues that the shapes and forms that the wax could take are infinite. Thus, one can only know what an object is through understanding, rather than through sense-perception. .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b , .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b .postImageUrl , .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b , .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b:hover , .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b:visited , .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b:active { border:0!important; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b:active , .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec98d183b0ef91f6a0fe740348e9bd8b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Violence And Peer Pressure EssayIn his third meditation Descartes discusses the topic of God. Me makes the argument that God exists, he makes two points with this argument. The first being that we have an idea of God and the second being that the only way to have an idea of God is if God exists. To have an the idea of God than we have the understanding of the infinite. We cannot understand the infinite through the finite, only through the infinite, thus God must also be the cause of the idea of God. By following these three steps one can be on their way to gaining knowledge. In The Republic Plato has his own theories which follow more along the lines of idealism. In his views the way to gain knowledge is not based upon understanding an object, but by understanding the idea of the object. Socrates is the main character in Plato’s work and Socrates gives two images of the way to gain orderly knowledge, the image of the divided line and of the cave. Plato states that knowledge is what is certain and opinion is what is questionable. This is where we can see a connection between Plato and Descartes. They both agree that knowledge must be certain and all other ideas false. In Plato’s views knowledge can be derived from single set of principles. Knowledge rests upon Good as its foundation, unlike Descartes in which the foundation was based on one’s self. Plato compared to power of Good to the sun. He explained that the sun illuminates things and makes them visible to the eye just as good illuminates things of the mind and makes them intelli gible and understandable. The idea of Good can be thought of as the idea of absolute order. The Good is the cause of essences, structures, forms and knowledge. This is similar to Descartes because in his argument God is the cause of the idea of one’s self thus the cause of everything else as well. There are four levels of knowledge in Plato’s argument. Number one is that there are two ruling powers. The good which is set over the intellectual world and the sun which is set over the visible world. We start with two lines one for knowledge and one for opinion. The first section is that of images such as shadows and reflections. The second deals with us seeing actual things, sense-perception. Unlike with Descartes theory we will not discard this but use it to build on our knowledge. Plato believes sense-perception can be used as a stepping stone towards knowledge. The third section is that where the soul has understanding through images and its assumptions about them. The fourth section is where the soul takes these images and reasons things out. Objects are now used to determine reason instead it is ideas. Plato makes another example called Allegory of the Cave, which is a copy of the reality of the divided line. People can think and speak without being aware of forms, Plato treats these people as if they were prisoners in a cave who are unable to turn their heads. They can see the wall of the cave but not the fire behind them. The prisoners are unable to see the objects behind them, they can only see and hear the shadows and echoes of that which is behind them. Thus, these prisoners would mistake appearance for reality, they would think the shadows to be real but be unaware of their causes. The shadow would be the only thing they have to relate to the object producing the shadow, the shadow would be their reality of the object. The example of the cave proves that we name things we can not see but things that we can grasp in our minds. Once the prisoners are set free they can see the true nature of the shadows and see their error. The only way for them to see the cause of the shadows i s by grasping the forms with their minds. The prisoners, now free, ascend upward through the cave. The higher they get the closer they are to the intellectual world. .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce , .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce .postImageUrl , .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce , .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce:hover , .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce:visited , .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce:active { border:0!important; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce:active , .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8a7832282724e294d3b302786d336ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: youth violence EssayAs they exit the cave the light hurts their eyes because they are not used to it, this may make them want to return back into the cave, away from the intellectual world. Once the prisoners adjust they are able to see the objects for what they really are. Descartes also believed that we must look for an object’s uniqueness without relying on sense-perception. The views of Plato and Descartes are in many ways similar and also in many ways different. According to Plato we see shadows and not the real objects. To be a philosopher one must strive to see the object and what makes that object unique. Also one must be able to see the idea of the object. According to Descartes one must also find the uniqueness of the object through reason, but his approach differs. He casts doubt on what he feels isn’t certain and rebuilds his foundation of knowledge with himself as the base. Plato is not looking to cast doubts on one’s beliefs but instead trying to expand one’s knowledge of it. Both Descartes and Platos ends are the same, to try and reach the Good or God, but their means are different. Philosophy Essays

Rhinoceros Poaching free essay sample

Despite of the protective measure, prosecution of this animal continues with the exceptionally high and illegal price on the rhino horn in clandestine market. In Kaziranga National Park, 69 rhinos were poached during the period of 1988 to 1991 (Bhattacharya 1993). In Nepal, data shows that intensity of rhino poaching is depend on the action taken by the management authority. During 1976 to 1983 poaching was completely stopped due to the Army involvement in the conservation of rhinoceros. Since 1984, poachers restarted poaching and reached maximum at 1992, about 18 rhinoceros were killed in this year. The Anti-Poaching Units (APU) was established to control the situation and this measure did work and minimized the poaching and was virtually stopped by 1995. However, from 1996, poaching was started again, out of 98 rhinoceros died during the period of May 1996 to July 2000, 28 were from poaching (DNPWC 2000a). It shows that slack in protection due to the political instability, transfer of APU staff and the merging of Gainda Gasti (Rhino Patrol Unit) to the forest guard enhanced the rhino poaching in Chitwan Valley (Fig 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhinoceros Poaching or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ]. Fig 1. Rhino poaching trend in Royal Chit wan National Park Data Source: DNPWC 2000 Heavy poaching in Africa and Asia (Williams 1993, ARSG 1999) is mainly for the high priced rhino horn and it has been proved that better protection is the only successful means so far to protect this animal from extinction. Thus, to decrease incentive to poach rhino, management should either increase the opportunity cost of crime through imposed wage elsewhere or increase the probability and severity of the punishment or decrease the actual profit from the crime (Williams 1993). Rhinoceros in Nepal In Nepal, rhinoceros population was estimated at about 1000 animals until 1950 in Chitwan Valley. Rhinoceros populations were dropped down to less than 100 individuals during late 1960s (DNPWC 2000a). After a successful effort of His majesty’s Government of Nepal by creating Royal Chitwan National Park in 1973, disappearing population of rhinoceros started to increase gradually and reached 270-310 individuals by 1975 (Laurie 1978). By 1988, the park was supporting a viable population of 358 rhinos (Diner stein and Price 1991). In 1994, 466 individuals were recorded, like wise in rhino count 2000 the number increases to 544 in Chitwan and 67 in Royal Bardia National Park (DNPWC 2000a) (Fig 2). Fig 2. Population trend of Greater one horned Rhinoceros in Nepal. Rhino Conversation in Nepal Community mobilization Army Information and awareness. Conclusion In adequate large chunk of habitat due to the human interference along with the rampant poaching are the major causes for the depletion of the rhino population in the past. Once depleting population of greater one horn rhinoceros can be recover by the intensive protection measure. However, increasing habitat fragmentation due to the human population growth and confined population of rhino may lead to the loss of genetic variability. Inadequate habitat and the small population can be managed through developing different sub-populations of the animal in a met population concept. Which not only assure the genetic variability but also save from the various natural calamities? Assuring genetic variability only may not enough to safeguard this animal for long term. Externalities like poaching and the hostile nature of the local inhabitants may conflict with the conservation goal. Thus, building social capital of the local people towards the conservation is very much essential. Fulfillment of daily need forest resource and economic incentive to the local people may bring the awareness for the conservation among the local people. Initiation has been begun in Nepal to conserve rhinoceros in the holistic way. Successful translocation activities, satisfactory increment of the host and sink population and encouraging supports from the local people shown that there is great potentiality and hopes to conserve greater one horn rhinoceros. However, the long-term success of this effort will be determined by the regional and international cooperation. 1. strict law establishment: First consider whether the supply or demand curve shifts. Secondly consider the direction of shift and lastly see how the shift affects the equilibrium price and quantity. Its direct impact is on the sellers rather than the buyers. When government able to stop some Rhino poachers or arrest more poachers, it raises the cost of selling that product (Rhino) and therefore, reduces the quantity of product supplied at any given price. Such law was successful during early 70s and 90s due to establishment of Anti-Poaching Units (APU) but later fail due to political instability and centralized management approach. So in this way we can show the economic figure (demand and supply curves) of Rhino horn on black market. Fig: demand and supply curves on black market economy when implementing strict laws. As demand for Rhino Horns are inelastic, the decrease in supply of raises the price of drugs proportionately more than it reduces poaching act. It raises total amount of money that Buyers pay for Rhino horns. Thus implementing harsh law does not always reduce the poaching crimes because Nepal government cant spend or allocate such huge money on conservation alone.

KFC Marketing Strategies

KFC Marketing Strategies Introduction Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is a world known chain of fast food restaurants based the United States. It’s the world’s most popular chain of restaurants that sells chicken pieces in a variety of forms.The company receives more than 12 million customers per day in its various restaurants based in 109 countries in the world. Harland Sanders is the person believed to have come up with this recipe more than half a century ago. The cooperation is part of the world’s largest restaurant, Yum! Brands Inc.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on KFC Marketing Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evolution of strategies used by KFC Over the years, KFC has used a number of business strategies that have enabled them to evolve from a one man business to a multi-billion dollar enterprise. One of the skills that it first utilized was ensuring that one’s skills and knowledge is invaluable. Th e success of a business is greatly affected by the level of expertise the company brings in. it is obvious that the higher the level of skills and expertise, the greater the potential of business success. It is advisable that people set up businesses based on their own set of skills and areas of expertise just like the founder of KFC, Colonel Harland Sanders. His knowledge and expertise in preparing chicken meals contributed to the success and expansion of KFC (KFC Business Strategies 2011). Another strategy that was adopted was the strategy of achieving uniqueness. Being able to be set apart from other competitors goes a long way into improving the growth rate of any business. This is only achieved by doing things differently. It is therefore advised that the entrepreneur skims the market first in order to establish what they could do that is different from their competitors and it also has to be appealing to their customers. The way products are produced, packaged, delivered, or e ven service delivery to the customer has to be unique and different from other competitors. KFC came up with the pressure fried chicken which set them apart from other chicken restaurants. It also included a special blend of recipes and herbs that made their chicken taste different from the others. Sanders became very popular in the 1930’s for using this technique. Persistence and focus is another strategy that KFC adopted when it started its business. At the start of every business it is never a guarantee that the business will be a success. It may take some time for the sales to go up and at times the business may even experience a loss. Persistence and focusing on what works and what doesn’t ensures that in the long run the business becomes a success. Colonel Sanders lost his business at the age of 65 but re-built it in ten years. This saw him opening a total of 600 franchises which saw him earn approximately $300, 000 before tax.Advertising Looking for repo rt on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bringing in experts into your business is a good way of ensuring that the business continues to build and grow. The experts can be partners or employees; however, they are the most important people who will structure the business into systems that will outlive even the founder of the business. In 1964, KFC allowed professional managers to take over the business. This saw the business grow from a one man business to multi-billion dollar franchise.It even expanded into the international market and established its outlets in various foreign countries. They believed that their products had a good market in other states other than the United States. Not only this, but also the production rate as compared to the consumers rate was profitable and they had little or no competition. Ironically, by 1992, KFC was collecting more revenue from the foreign markets than it was coll ecting from the United States. Push and pull strategy used by KFC The push and pull strategy is most efficient if a producer wants to supply their stock to stores and at the same time create a demand supply for their products. This is particularly effective for a business that is still starting. The push strategy is whereby the producer of the goods has to work extra hard in order to distribute their products to retailers and wholesalers. Fast moving consumer goods can work effectively well for the push strategy whereby the customers are ready to make purchasing decisions. The manufacturer can engage the retailers in promotion strategies such as face to face selling and encouraging them to stock the product (Kotler Armstrong 2010). Once the product has gained a good customer base, the product can sell itself and the pull strategy can then be in cooperated. The pull strategy is whereby the product has gained popularity and the consumer is actively seeking for this product. The deman d for the product is so high that retailers are making orders so as to stock their shelves and supply the customer with the product. This can only be made possible through advertising so that the brand is visible to the consumers as well as to the retailers. The pull strategy takes advantage of the supply-demand chain whereby the retailers will only stock goods that the consumer is interested in buying (Lamb, Hair McDaniel 2008). KFC has mostly utilized the push and pull strategy whereby it has managed to draw customers towards their products. It is famous for its company jingle, ‘finger licking good’. They use it to create an impact to their customers and inform them of the product that they are selling. In their advertisements, they show person devouring a piece of chicken and this in turn makes the customer desire to have a piece of the KFC chicken. Advertising is a good way of ensuring that their customers are constantly reminded of how good their ‘finger lic king’ chicken is. Coupons, entertainment, premiums and exhibitions, have all been utilized by KFC to enhance their sales. The company has come up with various incentives that attract its customers to buy their various chicken products.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on KFC Marketing Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance it offers free meals to the customers after the customer has spent a certain amount of money buying their products. A coupon is issued to the customer who in turn will use it to get their free meal. They also offer free meal vouchers using the print media whereby the customer cuts out the voucher and goes to one of their outlets to collect their meals. The 7 p’s of marketing The seven P’s were developed as a strategy that aids to continually evaluate and re-evaluate business activities. The seven P’s formula consists of: product, people, price, promotion, place, packaging, and positioning. They help to ensure that a business is on track and is achieving the maximum results possible for today’s market place (Stephenson Thurman 2007). The product needs to be evaluated with the eyes of an outsider. This can be done by acting like an outside marketing consultant brought in to evaluate of the business is headed towards the right direction. The company chain of restaurants specializes in fried chicken served in a variety of forms. It’s well known for its pressure fried and crispy chicken. KFC has managed to branch out internationally and sell its products according to the geographical needs of the customers. For instance, they have realized that the customer needs in North India are different from those in the south. Those in the north prefer to eat the chicken items while those in the south prefer to eat vegetarian items. They have therefore managed to determine the geographical demand of their items. In addition, it has m anaged to divide its customer base into different groups using a demographic basis. For instance, it has divided the groups according to gender, family size, age group, etc. This way, they have been able to identify the needs of the various groups and therefore provide them with products that will satisfy them. They have further divided their customer base into psychographic segments. This is a division based on social class, personality, or even lifestyle. These various categories of people have different demands and therefore KFC has managed to distribute products that cater for each of their needs. It is important to consider the location of one’s business and thus this leads to the second P which is positioning. The location of a business directly affects its sales. In addition, an entrepreneur should know what the consumers think of his or her products on the ground.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What is their position on the product in terms of its quality, and the services that are given to them? KFC has gone out on a limb by doing their market research and establishing what the consumer wants and what improvements can be made on their products. In order to satisfy their customers and improve their position in their customers’ minds and hearts, KFC produces the freshest and purest food. This gets the customers talking positively about their products and services to other people. Pricing, which is the third P in the seven P’s, should be evaluated and re-evaluated every now and then. The entrepreneur should ensure that the prices are just right for the current market situation. It is advised that the prices should be readjusted every now and then to suit the customers’ needs and the market pricing. This therefore calls for an increase and a decrease in the prices. The entrepreneur should consider pairing up services with the goods that they are selling. This can be done by giving special offers and promotions accompanied with the products being sold. In addition it would also be a good idea to spread out the pricing of the products over a period of months or years to avoid losing customer base. Moreover, pricing should be done according to the effort put into producing a product. It would be considered to be more profitable to raise the price for a certain product if the effort that goes into it is equivalent to its pricing. Even though the percentage of customers may go down, the remaining percentage will generate profits on every sale. Before putting a price tag on its product, KFC looks at certain demographic factors such as age, gender, and household size. Although it has no age limit, KFC’s largest consumer group consists of young people regardless of their gender or gender roles. They have also found that their biggest consumers come from whole families rather than single households and thus they invented the ‘fa mily meals’ offer (.Kentucky Fried Chicken- KFC- Marketing Mix- Four Ps 2009). When pricing their products, KFC has looked at also economic factors. The income bracket determines which people the company will most likely target. In the beginning, their main focus was on the upper class but as years went by its focus shifted to include the lower and middle class families. Consumption behavior also determines the pricing of products according to which products the customers favor more to the least favored. Before determining the prices of their products, KFC first of all skims the market. They do this by pricing their products to suit the upper class before lowering their prices to accommodate the lower class category of people. Their prices also can be relatively compared to those of their competitors. KFC has dominated the chicken business and therefore their chicken products have a higher selling price than other fast food restaurants. However other products such as burgers and pizzas are sold at a lower price in order to attract customers. When pricing their products, they also consider the government tax and excise duty. Their prices are comparable to the products they give to the consumers as well as their market segment (Kentucky Fried Chicken- KFC- Marketing Mix- Four Ps 2009). Place is the fourth P. there are many ways in which a business enterprise can sell its products. First of all, the company may decide to sell its goods directly from its location or disperse agents on the ground to advertise and sell to potential customers. On the other hand, a company may utilize a variety of strategies such as telemarketing or through catalogues and mail orders. Either way, the company has to come up with a strategy that ensures the customer receives essential information that will equip them with knowledge to make a buying decision (Tracy 2004). The company must therefore ensure that the customer is able to access these services through the strategic loc ation of the business. KFC has utilized this strategy fully by coming up with a variety of services that they give to their customers. To begin with, they came up with the free home delivery strategy whose sole purpose was to deliver their products to homes and offices free of charge. They ensured that their customers didn’t have to travel long distances in order to access one of their outlets so they strategically put in place outlets around the city. KFC also didn’t leave out individuals that led a hectic lifestyle with little time to spare in preparing meals. It has catered well for such individuals by giving them a full meal in just minutes. Despite their high pricing, KFC has managed to control its pricing to suit all classes of people. KFC has cleverly placed its outlets in highly populated areas such as the urban areas which in turn bring in more profits for them. Schools, colleges, markets and cinemas are usually highly populated and therefore KFC has taken adv antage of this and situated their outlets in these areas. It utilizes the push strategy whereby it relies on its ability to sell its own products and services. Promotional efforts such as discounts can be used to help push their products and services through the distribution channels. This creates a sense of awareness, autonomy and it also sound attractive to the customer. Promotion is the fifth P in marketing. Businesses use this strategy to inform the customer of their products and services. This directly affects the sales of the businesses products if the promotion is done in the right way. Advertising slogans are the most common way of promoting products and services to customers. The way it is done will highly influence the customer’s interest. A slight adjustment to the advertisement slogan goes a long way to improve the company sales as the customers will always be talking about the products. It is of important try out various ways of advertising, promoting and selling of products. The same form of advertising may only work for a short period of time before the customers lose interest. Therefore to continue keeping the customer interested in the company’s products and services, the form of advertising and promotion has to be re-evaluated from time to time (Tracy 2004). KFC uses promotion as the main tool for informing their customers of various offers on their chicken products. To begin with, their logo of the smiling colonel is most likely an image that makes customers associate KFC with chicken. They use a company jingle, ‘finger licking good’, to create an impact to their customers. They show a normal person devouring a piece of chicken and this in turn makes the customer desire to have a piece of the KFC chicken pieces. This strategy has worked effectively in India where there is the largest market for chicken lovers. KFC uses advertisements to ensure that their customers are constantly reminded of how good their ‘fi nger licking’ chicken is. In order to enhance its overall image, the company sponsors various organizations such as the cricket team which spots the company logo on their uniforms when they go for their matches and tournaments. By using tools such as coupons, entertainment, premiums and exhibitions, KFC has managed to enhance its sales. The company has come up with various incentives that attract its customers to buy their various chicken products. For instance it offers free meals to the customers after the customer has spent a certain amount of money buying their products. A coupon is issued to the customer who in turn will use it to get their free meal. They also offer free meal vouchers using the print media whereby the customer cuts out the voucher and goes to one of their outlets to collect their meals. The sixth P is packaging. This is how the product being sold appeals to its customers. The packaging has to be attractive and clean. In addition, the customer has to be impressed on the very first encounter if the company wants to retain a good customer base. This calls for proper grooming of the hired personnel. They have to be properly dressed for the job and offer quality services. The offices and waiting rooms where the business is being conducted have to be thoroughly clean and presentable. Customers have to have a sense of trust when they make their purchase choices. It is important for the company to do some research and know what improvements to make on the quality of their packaging and what appeals to their customers. KFC is famous for its packaging. It is known for using the paper bucket for its large chicken orders and the use of a rotating bucket sign that’s used in most outlets in the US. It is also environmentally conscious and has introduced the re-useable food container. The plastic plates have long been replaced with the paper serving boxes all in an effort to reduce environmental pollution. The final P is people. A company has to know what type of people to hire and what they can do best. The right people have to be hired to do the right job. When trying to establish a successful business, knowing which people will perform which tasks best is something that a company must initially consider before hiring any personnel. The right people may be able to propel the business into achieving maximum sales. KFC has hired personnel that are able to deal with their customers efficiently and ensure that their customers are satisfied. In addition, the personnel hired are allocated positions that suit their skills and abilities. Key challenges facing KFC KFC sells up to 850 million chickens a year. It does this in collaboration with other companies that slaughter and rear the chickens for them. However, KFC in collaboration with these companies has been accused of killing the chickens inhumanely and subjecting them to torture. They have been accused of standing by as chickens are crammed into cages resulting in b roken bones before they’re slaughtered. Animal rights organizations have condemned these acts and this poses a problem for KFC if they intend to keep any customers. KFC has also faced problems with the health experts who claim that the oils used to make the chicken consist of Tran’s fats which result in complicated health issues such as obesity. Nutritionists and other health organizations have threatened to sue KFC if they do not change the kind of fat that they use to make their chicken products. Furthermore, the company has faced protests in India where angry farmers are against the company bringing in ‘junk food’ to a nation that greatly suffers from malnutrition. The farmers fear that the number of growing fast food chain restaurants could deplete the country of their livestock and lead to deterioration of agricultural activities. How KFC can remain relevant in the market Consumers’ desire to have a healthier diet at KFC and the humane treatmen t of chickens is one of the challenges that KFC is facing today. These issues are closely related to the sales of the company and should therefore be addressed immediately if the company wants to maintain its customer base. A new marketing plan has to be designed in order to improve the overall image of KFC and attract more customers. The marketing strategy has to address the issue of torturing chickens and thus create solid revenue for the company. Reference List KFC Business Strategies.2011, Viewed on www.successprinciplesonline.com/business-strategies/kfc-business-str Kentucky Fried Chicken- KFC- Marketing Mix- Four Ps. 2009. Viewed on www.scribd.com//Kentucky-Fried-Chicken-KFC-Marketing-Mix-fo.. Kotler, P Armstrong, M. G. 2010. Principles of Marketing. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Lamb, W. C, Hair, F. J McDaniel, C. 2008. Marketing. Canada: Cengage Learning Stephenson, J Thurman, C. 2007.Ultimate Small Business Marketing Guide. Canada: Miller Works. Tracy, B. 2004. The 7 Ps of M arketing. Viewed on www.entrepreneur.com/article/70824

History of the IRA essays

History of the IRA essays There are many terrorist groups through out the world. There are few, if any however, that are as old as the Irish Republican Army. The IRA is most likely the oldest terrorist organization in the world today. The Irish Republican Army fights for Ireland's independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The history of the Irish Republican Army goes back a very long time The organization from which modern Irish republicans trace their origins - the United Irishmen of the 1790s. Inspired by the example of the American War of Independence and by the democratic ideals of the French Revolution, the United Irishmen sought to unite the people of Ireland in a common effort to achieve equality and freedom. Choosing non-violent means to win their aims, the United Irishmen were quickly met with an aggressive response from the British government. It was only then that they exercised their right as Irish people to defend their liberty by the use of arms. It was a pattern that was to be repeated several times in the next century and a half. Armed uprisings against British rule took place in 1798, 1803, 1848 and 1867. The 45 years between 1803 and 1848 saw the Irish population mobilized in one of the first mass movements for political reform in the history of Europe. The demand for legislative independence for Ireland was denied by the British government. The Great Hunger of 1845-1852 saw a million people starve and a million more emigrate yet this catastrophe befell an unarmed people and there was only sporadic resistance. The ill-fated uprising of 1848 was localized. The lessons of this period were not lost on succeeding generations of Irish patriots and the Fenian Movement of the late 1850s and 1860s won widespread support in Ireland and America for its program of armed struggle to achieve an Irish Republic. The uprising of 1867 was crushed and another 49 years were to pass before Irish nationalists attempted an armed resista...

Accounting for Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Accounting for Decision Making - Essay Example Break-even level of sales = Break-even units*Selling Price (Keiso, 1999) = 148148.15*170 = $25,185,185 Strategy #2 Fixed Cost = $25,000,000 Selling Price = $200 Variable Cost = $35 Break-even level of output = = = 151,515 units Break-even level of sales = Break-even units*Selling Price = 151515.15*200 = $30,303,030 Desired Target of Profitability The company's desired profitability target is $4 million. According to the break-even level of sales, the company must exceed the above revenue levels according to both strategies in order to be able to make profits. If the output levels, as given in the table, are taken into consideration for calculation of optimal revenue which exceeds breakeven and offers the firm with its target profitability level, the following table would provide the relevant answers to base our analysis with. Strategy 1 Â   Selling Price = $170 Estimated demand (units) Estimated Revenue ($) Profit ($) 150,000 $25,500,000 $314,815 180,000 $30,600,000 $5,414,815 200,0 00 $34,000,000 $8,814,815 Hence, if the company undertakes strategy 1, as can be seen in the table above, output levels of above 180,000 units would allow the firm to fulfill and exceed its target profitability level. This range of output also fulfills the break-even level of output therefore the firm is satisfying its desired profitability level. (Keiso, 1999) ... This level of output also has the highest probability of consumer demand levels hence the firm will benefit from undertaking this level of production and fulfilling its profitability targets. (Keiso, 1999) Margin of Safety Margin of Safety: Budgeted/Actual Sales - Breakeven Sales (Keiso, 1999) Margin of Safety (%) : MOS/(Budgeted/Actual Sales) (Keiso, 1999) Strategy 1 Â   Â   Estimated demand (units) Breakeven Sales (units) Margin of Safety (units) Margin of Safety (%) 150,000 148,148.15 1,852 1.23% 180,000 148,148.15 31,852 17.70% 200,000 148,148.15 51,852 25.93% Strategy 2 Â   Â   Estimated demand (units) Breakeven Sales (units) Margin of Safety (units) Margin of Safety (%) 150,000 151515.15 -1,515 -1.01% 180,000 151515.15 28,485 15.82% 200,000 151515.15 48,485 24.24% As stated above, the margin of safety can be expressed in either units or a percentage of the total estimated sales. These figures are important for key decision making for managers because it shows the extent by which the projected sales exceed the break-even sales. The margin of safety is an important measure of risk as it shows the amount of sales which a firm can afford to vary without incurring a loss. The higher the number, the more beneficial it is for the firm since the company would be able to withstand fluctuations in sales. A drop in the levels of sales, lower than the margin of safety would alarm the management since it would cause losses for that particular period for the firm. (Keiso, 1999) Decision The decision of whether the company should go ahead with the new product should include many other ratio and cash flow analysis and evaluations so that the management, even though they cannot avoid any risks, are able to come up with more suitable decisions. However, based

How do the child figures in The Tempest' contribute to our Essay

How do the child figures in The Tempest' contribute to our understanding of Prospero as a Renaissance leader - Essay Example Thus they contain down-to-earth characters who appeal to the working classes, side-by-side with complexities of plot which would satisfy the appetites of the aristocrats among the audience† (Geraghty, 2002). The progress of mankind can be traced through numerous different venues, not the least of which is humankind’s identification with and understanding of what constitutes the supernatural. These ideas of the supernatural are reflected in the way in which the various characters of these works interact with the world of the supernatural as it relates to the self. At the same time, it has been suggested in a number of different ways and in a number of different cultures that the fundamental nature of the parent can be seen to some degree in the fundamental nature of the child. This nature can also be revealed to some extent in the various ways in which the parent relates to the child. Literature, in telling us stories of different people, can often reveal much more detail regarding what is meant when one refers to a particular character type such as the renaissance man by how this figure is revealed through his or her relationships with others, particularly those who are most dependent on them. To illustrate how this might occur, it is possible to look to the child-like characters in William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Tempest† to gain an understanding of the renaissance man as he is represented in the figure of Prospero. The term Renaissance Man is often thrown around as if it should be widely understood by those within hearing. It is used in statements such as â€Å"Jim is a true Renaissance Man,† and thus presented as self-explanatory. A film featuring the name â€Å"Renaissance Man† was created in 1994 that sheds some light on the term as the actor Danny DeVito struggles to teach relatively uneducated military recruits how to think by having

Sound of Thunder Essay Example for Free

Sound of Thunder Essay The story is about traveling in the time. It takes place in 2055; a Time safari INC company provides a time traveling machine to its customer, so they can travel in time and go to million years ago. Eckles, who was the first character of the story, decided to go to million years ago to hunt gigantic animal. He believed he can be the first person who has hunted the Tyrannosaurus Rex. The most important point of the story is how the slight occurrence could change the future and affect the earth and people who live in the future in long term. The company sent Eckles to the past with Mr. Travis who was the safari guide in to the past and Lesperance who was Mr.travis assistant. They told Eckles that he must not go out of the path. Moreover, he couldn’t shoot any other animals except those that had been marked. Some animals had been observed by the guides of traveling in to the past and they realized that they will die soon by nature accident. By the time Eckles saw the dinosaur he got scared so much and panicked; therefore, he went out of the path on accident. Travis was so mad at Eckles because he disobeyed him and stepped out of the path. He threatened Eckles that he either will take out the bullet from Tyrannosaurus’ body, or he will shoot Eckles. Travis explained them they can’t leave anything in the past because they don’t know how it will affect the future. He believed that killing even a mouse or destroying a plant could ruin nature circle and influence next fauna’s generations. When they came back to their own time they realized slight differences. Spelling was different; the reception looked slightly different. Also the result of the recent election had changed. And a guy, whom they believe is dictator, won the election. Eckles looked at his boot and saw the mud on it. When he looked more closely he noticed that he stepped on a butterfly. Travis became so furious when he saw the dead butterfly and figured out it caused all the changes; therefore, he shoot Eckles.

The True Measure of a Man :: Goodness Ethics Morals Essays

The True Measure of a Man Being a good person is something that everyone strives to do. For most, it is a subconscious thing we do. For others being a good person is a way of life, not just a superficial â€Å"look at me and what I do,† but a deep spiritual understanding that everything one does in their daily life is beneficial to others around that person. For starters, one must define the words good and bad. Dictionary.com’s definition of a good person is â€Å"a person who is good to other people.† Its definition for a bad person is â€Å"a person who does harm to others.† Both of these are vague so one must venture into the definitions of the words good and bad. The definition found at www.dictionary.com for the word good is, â€Å"Socially correct, proper, beneficial to others, valid or effectual under the law, characterized by honesty and fairness.† The definition of bad is, â€Å"Not achieving an adequate standard, evil, sinful, unfavorable, having undesirable or negative qualities.† It seems as if the public has determined the meaning of good and bad to be whatever they want it to mean. This paper is going to use good and bad in relation to people; where good is benefiting someone, and bad is hindering someone. In the story of Robin Hood, Robin begins his life as a law abiding citizen. After his father is killed, the sheriff of Nottingham denies him his father’s place as a ranger. He is coerced into killing a deer in front of a large group of lawmen, making him a criminal. From that point in the story Robin becomes a member of the Sherwood men. These men do not just live in Sherwood Forest; they take a toll from anyone who is passing through the forest. All of these men are deemed outlaws by the local sheriff, and his military. By being pronounced as outlaws, it makes them bad people who break the laws. From a different point of view, they might be outlaws but they chose that life because they were breaking unjust laws. They as a group agreed to break any law they thought was unjust and unfair to the people of England, while pledging full allegiance to the king of England. In a public view these people were bad men, but one who came to know then could see them as good men wh o wanted the best for England and all of its people.

Macbook Air About Essay

MacBook Air is unbelievably thin and light. But it’s designed to be powerful, capable, durable, and enjoyable to use, with enough battery life to get you through the day. That’s the difference between a notebook that’s simply thin and light and one that’s so much more. Even at less than an inch thin, MacBook Air sets a pretty high standard — by making flash storage standard. Flash chips are very compact, allowing MacBook Air to be incredibly thin and light. Flash is also solid state, meaning there are no moving parts. Which makes it reliable, durable, and quiet. And it takes up much less space — about 90 percent less, in fact. That creates room for other important things, like a bigger battery. So you have a notebook that weighs almost nothing and runs for hours on a single charge. That’s mobility mastered. Multi-Touch technology is part of practically every Apple product. It’s the best and most personal way to interact with your devices. And the optimal way to experience Multi-Touch on a notebook is through a trackpad. That’s precisely the case with MacBook Air. The trackpad’s spacious, all-glass surface doesn’t have a button because the whole thing is the button. And with Multi-Touch gestures in OS X Mountain Lion, you can interact with MacBook Air in ways that feel more intuitive and responsive than ever before. Anyone can try to make a notebook that’s thin and light. Success comes in doing it without cutting corners. That’s why MacBook Air features a full-size keyboard, not a condensed version of what you’re used to. When you type on the MacBook Air, it’s just as comfortable as typing on a desktop keyboard. And the keyboard is backlit, so you can type comfortably even in low-light conditions. A built-in sensor detects changes in the ambient lighting and adjusts the keyboard and display brightness automatically, giving you the perfect illumination in any environment. If you looked inside MacBook Air, you’d see something remarkable: how much space we devoted to the battery. That’s thanks to smaller components such as flash storage. And when the goal is to design the perfect notebook for everyday use, giving priority to the battery just makes sense. With MacBook Air, you can get up to 5 hours of battery life on the 11-inch model and up to 7 hours on the 13-inch model. Put MacBook Air to sleep for more than an hour, and it enters what’s called standby mode. That means you can come back to MacBook Air a day, a week — even up to an entire month — later, and it wakes in an instant. Time is on your side, courtesy of MacBook Air. MacBook Air features a unibody design for both the main enclosure and the display. Unibody construction means a higher-precision, less complex design with fewer parts. And that translates to a notebook that’s exceptionally thin and light, yet durable enough to handle the rigors of everyday use.

Economic Analysis of Crop Diversification Essay

There is a dramatic change in the earning, spending and saving pattern of the people of India in the post reform (economic) period that is post 1991. During this period, income generating mechanism in this country underwent massive changes. With a sustained economic growth, rising per capita income along with an ever increasing population, the dietary pattern in India is also changing very fast. The Indian food basket is diversifying in favour of high value food commodities like fruits, vegetables, dairy products, poultry products and fish products from staple food such as rice, wheat and coarse cereals. This raises a challenge to Indian agriculture. On the other hand the modern agriculture dominated by chemical and irrigation intensive farming system has not only raised productivity but simultaneously has also resulted in soil erosion, water contamination, pesticides poisoning, land degradation through water logging and soil salinity, depletion of bio-diversity, etc., forcing farmer s to apply ever-increasing doses of fertilisers and to make water supply available on a continuous basis, in order to maintain the productivity levels. This again raises another challenge to Indian agriculture. It may not be wondering if we assume that organic farming system may generate such situation to address both the challenges mentioned above. This paper is concerned with an analysis of crop diversification under organic and inorganic farming in West Bengal. Crop diversification is different from the concept of multiple cropping or succession planting over the growing seasons. Moreover, it implies the use of environmental and human resources to grow a mix of crops with complementary marketing opportunities. Thus, it implies a shifting of resources from low value crops to high value crops such as fruits, vegetables, etc. The concept of crop diversification in globalized market of agricultural produce refers to increase the total crop productivity in terms of quality, quantity and monetary value under different specific agro-climatic situations across the world. There are two approaches to crop diversification in agriculture. First is horizontal diversification, which is the primary approach to crop diversification in production agriculture. The approach takes place through crop intensification by adding new high-value crops to existing cropping systems. Thus, the approach facilitates the improvement of overall productivity of a farm or farming economy of a region. The second approach is the vertical diversification. Under this approach, farmers and others add value to products through processing, regional branding, packaging, merchandising or other efforts to enhance the farm-product. The opportunities for crop diversification may vary depending on risks, opportunities and the feasibility of proposed changes within a socio-economic and agro-economic context. However, crop diversification through substitution of one crop or mixed cropping / inter-cropping may be a useful tool to mitigate problems associated with aberrant weather to some extent, especially in the arid and semi-arid drought-prone / dry land areas. Impact of crop diversification Crop diversification is intended to practice of growing more than one crop (or enterprise) in any year to increase financial and biological stability of the farm. In the agricultural context, diversification can be regarded as the re-allocation of some of a farm’s productive resources, such as land, capital, farm equipment and paid labour, into new activities. These can be new crops or livestock products, value-adding activities, provision of services to other farmers, etc. On the other hand, diversification of agriculture refers to the shift from the regional dominance of one crop to regional production of a number of crops, to meet ever increasing demand for cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables, etc. It aims to improve soil health and a dynamic equilibrium of the agro-ecosystem. Crop diversification takes into account the economic returns from different value-added crops. Crop diversification can better tolerate the ups and downs in the market value of farm produ cts and may ensure economic stability for farming families of the state. The adverse effects of aberrant weather, such as erratic and scanty rainfall and drought are very common in a vast area in agricultural production of the state. Incidents of flood in one part and drought in the other part are a very frequent phenomenon in the state. Under these aberrant weather situations, dependence on one or two major cereals (rice, wheat, etc.) is always risky. Diversification in agriculture has tremendous impact on the agro-socio-economic condition and uplifting resource-poor farming communities. It generates income and employment for rural youth year round for the ultimate benefits of the farmers in the state. It implies the use of local resources in a larger mix of diverse cropping systems and livestock, aquaculture and other non-farm sectors in the rural areas. Problem statement The yield as well as farm income is the essential part for crop diversification for the farmer of an agricultural based economy like West Bengal. Normally, the farmers diversify farm enterprises to meet the cash requirements of the family and to mitigate risk associated with mono-cropping, depending on conventional wisdom over the years. The crop diversification in the state is also considered with greater emphasis from the view point to price response, market infrastructure, availability of resources and public interventions (price and credit policies of farming business, research and development in farming activities, etc.) in agriculture. The judicious crop mix has facilitated increased farm incomes. It has also contribution towards the utilization of under employed resources to mitigate seasonal and under unemployment of rural labour force. The crop diversification has also helped to reduce risks and uncertainties in crops yields due to climatic and biological vagaries. Thus the study was conducted to analyze the extent of crop diversification at different levels of farm size as well as crop growing seasons in West Bengal for both inorganic and organic farming systems, commonly followed by the farmers in the state.

New Information on How to Become a Perfusionist

New Information on How to Become a Perfusionist If you’re at a party and telling someone what you do for a living, saying â€Å"I’m a perfusionist† might lead to some interesting conversations. â€Å"A percussionist? Like in a band?† â€Å"A perfectionist?† But while not everyone may know what a perfusionist does exactly, rest assured that this is an essential role in the healthcare world. What Perfusionists DoIf you’re not familiar with the career path (yet), here’s the elevator pitch: perfusionists operate a heart-lung machine during surgery, keeping oxygenated blood flowing through the patient’s heart and body while the surgeon operates, and monitoring to make sure the patient maintains a consistent body temperature. It doesn’t get much more intense or life-saving than that- this is not a career for the weak of heart. Perfusionists are highly trained clinical professionals who assist surgeons and physicians in cardiovascular surgery, but also any surgery that requir es cardiopulmonary bypass to maintain the patient’s vital signs during the procedure (including correction of heart defects, chemotherapy treatments, and emergency trauma cases).If you’re looking for a healthcare career that calls for a steady hand and nerves of steel, and you’re willing to commit to the education and training necessary to be one of these highly specialized professionals, it could be a great career choice for you.The BenefitsIt’s lucrative. Perfusionists are a high-paid bunch; the median salary for these professionals is $109,773.It’s stable. Perfusionists are a mainstay in the clinical healthcare world- one of the strongest (and continuing to grow) fields around right now, due to an aging population facing widespread cardiovascular issues and diseases. Because of the specialized training and education perfusionists need to have, this is not a field where people come and go frequently.It doesn’t require an advanced degree. T o become a perfusionist, you need to have a bachelor’s degree, but can complete a training program/certificate rather than a getting a master’s. However, you can go on to get those advanced degrees in perfusion and cardiovascular studies after working in the field, if you want to develop your expertise.It’s a cutting-edge field. With technical advances improving surgical equipment all the time (including the heart-lung machines used to maintain patient stability during open-heart surgery), this is a field where the tech-minded can work with the most modern technology. Perfusionists can also go on to the equipment development field, refining and implementing new technologies to improve heart surgery and patient care.The Qualifications You’ll NeedAs a perfusionist, you should expect to meet these requirements:A bachelor’s degree in a medical or science field (such as chemistry, biology, medical technology, etc.)Completion of a perfusionist certificat e or master’s degree, which includes clinical trainingStrong anatomical knowledgeFamiliarity with surgical technologyIn addition, perfusionists have a very specific set of skills:Extremely detail-orientedStrong organizational skillsAbility to remain calm in emergency situations and throughout long surgeriesFamiliarity with the related perfusion/surgical equipment and the ability to troubleshoot as necessaryHow to Make Your DecisionIf you have the skills to become a perfusionist, you should think about whether this is the career path for you.Are you willing to work a 40-hour week, plus night/weekend/holiday shifts as necessary to accommodate being on call for surgery?Do you have the attention to detail that is required to maintain a person’s basic life functions while they’re in surgery?Do you handle crisis situations well?If you don’t have the level of undergrad science experience or advanced study in perfusion under your belt, are you willing to commit t o a certificate or degree program?Are you mechanically inclined and able to work with sophisticated medical equipment with the right training?Are you willing to do ongoing training for recertification and staying on top of current medical technology trends?If the gut check says â€Å"no† on any of these, then perhaps a different healthcare path would be better. But if you’re willing to embrace what can be a high-pressure, fast-moving medical career, then it might be the right option for you.The Final OutlookIf the job meets your requirements and you meet the job’s requirements, this is a solid choice to make for the future. Because perfusionists are becoming more involved with procedures outside of the traditional heart surgery (like fixing congenital heart defects, treating heart disease, and chemotherapy). It’s also a career path that has great potential for perfusionists who eventually want to move out of the operating room. Trained perfusionists can b ecome educators, equipment developers for private medical companies, or even medical equipment sales representatives. It’s a career path with a lot of different options for those willing to commit.

9 Ways of Saying Down in Spanish

9 Ways of Saying Down in Spanish Down is one of those simple, everyday words that can be especially challenging to translate to Spanish. One reason is that it can function as five parts of speech: most commonly an adverb, but also as a preposition, verb, noun and adjective. But even within those categories, theres no consistent way of translating the word. In many cases, the best approach to take in translation is to reword the English and then translate that. For example, if you try translating a sentence such as Im down to only one dollar word-for-word, youll find yourself confused at best. Instead, try using the verb quedar, often used to indicate a remaining quantity. The idea is expressed with Me queda sà ³lo un dà ³lar, which literally means Only one dollar remains for me. Down as the Opposite of Up That said, in many contexts - such as when down means the opposite of up and indicates motion or direction - it is possible to use the adverb abajo, either by itself or in combination with other words, or the related verb bajar, which typically means to go down. This includes most cases where down is functioning as an adverb. Some examples: When I look down I feel dizzy. Cuando miro para abajo me mareo.The accident left him paralyzed from the neck down. El accidente lo dejà ³ paralizado desde el cuello para abajo.The Bilbao Market has gone down 22.72 points at midsession. La Bolsa de Bilbao ha bajado 22,72 puntos a media sesià ³n.Its essential that the roots grow downward in order to maximize the absorption of water. Es esencial que las raà ­ces crezcan hacia abajo para que maximizar su absorcià ³n de agua.Gravitational force pulls the satellite downward. La fuerza gravitatoria tira del satà ©lite hacia abajo.We have to get down from the train at the border. Tenemos que bajar del tren en la frontera.Everyone from the governor down is immersed in a web of corruption. Todos desde el gobernador para ajabo estn inmersos in una aurealoa de corrupcià ³n.Another possibility for adventurers is to camp down in the canyon. Otra posibilidad para los aventureros es acampar abajo en el caà ±Ãƒ ³n.The temperature went down fro m 30 degrees to 20 degrees. La temperatura se bajà ³ de 30 grados hasta 20 grados. I prefer to sleep face down. Prefiero dormir boca abajo. Down as an Adjective When down functions as a adjective in English, it often has a specialized meaning that depends on the context. Youll usually be best off recasting the English before translating: The wireless network is down today. La red inalmbrica no funciona hoy. (Literally, the wireless network isnt working today.)She knew he was down with the flu because she called him twice. Sabà ­a que à ©l estaba enfermo de influenza porque ella le llamà ³ dos veces. (Down here is being used as roughly synonymous with sick.)Were down 10 points. Estamos perdiendo por diez puntos. (Literally, were losing by 10 points.)Its a shame that he is always down on himself. Es lstima que à ©l se menosprecie a sà ­ mismo. (The phrase to be down on someone is a colloquial way of indicating that someone devalues someone.)They have me down for 2 p.m. Tengo una cita para 2 de la tarde. (Literally, I have an appointment for 2 p.m.)The down payment normally is a percentage of the price of the house. El pago inicial normalmente es un porcentaje del precio de la casa. Down as a Particle Down is a part of many English phrasal verbs - verbs that are made up of a verb followed by down to form a phrase that has a meaning separate from the verb by itself. To translate, these two-word verbs must be learned separately just as any other vocabulary. Here are a few of many possible examples: My mother isnt going to back down so easily. Mi madre no va a recular tan fcil.The bar was shut down for not meeting safety requirements. El bar fue clausurado por no cumplir las medidas de seguridad.He bowed down before the statue. Se inclinà ³ ante la estatua.The Iowa woman burned down a friends house because she defriended her on Facebook. La mujer de Iowa incendià ³ la casa de una amiga porque la eliminà ³ del Facebook.The government is cracking down on illegal arms sales. El gobierno toma medidas enà ©rgicas contra la venta ilegal de armas.My cousin is unable to  hold down a job. Mi prima no puede durar en un trabajo. (Literally, my cousin is unable to last in a job.)The mayor played down the murders. El alcalde no le dio tanta importancia a los asesinatos. (Literally, the mayor did not give much importance to the murders.) Down as a Noun The down of a bird is typically referred to as el plumà ³n, although a down pillow is referred to as una almohada de plumas. The down of a fruit is known as la pelusa. In football, a down is usually un down. Down as a Verb As a verb, down usually refers to shooting something down from the sky. A good verb to use is derribar. The Soviets downed the plane with a simple attack.  Los sovià ©ticos  derribaron el avià ³n  con un simple ataque.   Down Syndrome The congenital condition is known as el sà ­ndrome de Down, sometimes abbreviated as SD. (Sources: Sample sentences are adapted from a variety of sources written by native Spanish speakers. Among those consulted for this lesson are 20minutos; Twitter conversations; Biologà ­a y Geologà ­, Ciencias pra el uno Contemporneo; Visià ³n Santigueà ±a; Tatoeba; Namancambre Tours; Finanzas Prcticas; Yahoo.mx and TN.com.ar.)

Is Taiwan a Country Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Is Taiwan a Country - Research Paper Example Taiwan Island is separated from mainland China by the Taiwan Strait and borders the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea to the south, the East China Sea in the north, and the Pacific Ocean in the west (Wikipedia, 2006a). The perennial debate over â€Å"independence† versus â€Å"unification† in Taiwan is a case in point. This paper discusses some facts with respect to the question of whether Taiwan is an independent country or not. Though Taiwan has a distinct boundary of its own, the United States and most other significant nations recognize one China and thus include the boundaries of Taiwan as being part of the boundaries of China (Rosenberg, 2006b) Taiwan is home to almost 23 million people, making it the 48th largest "county" in the world, with a population slightly smaller than North Korea but larger than Romania (Rosenberg, 2006b). Over the past few decades, the average age of Taiwan’s population has increased by 1.8 percent. The population is one of the criteria for an independent country and since people live in Taiwan on an ongoing basis satisfies this criterion. Education is compulsory and Taiwan has more than 150 institutions of higher learning. Taiwan is home to the Palace Museum, which houses over 650,000 pieces of Chinese bronze, jade, calligraphy, painting, and porcelain. In the past few decades, Taiwan is recognized as a growing economy. It has become one of the newly industrialized countries (NICs). In 1983 the GNP of the country approached US$50 billion and its per capita income reached US$2,444. Taiwan is one of the top 15 trading nations. Taiwan has gained in terms of its economy but has substantially waned in terms of its international status (Weng, 1984). Besides, Taiwan is an economic powerhouse - its one of the four economic tigers of Southeast Asia (They have included South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong.). Its GDP per capita is among the top 30 of the world.     

Domestic Or Foreign Firms In China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Domestic Or Foreign Firms In China - Essay Example Remuneration packages and salary increases Wang, Chen, Hyde and Hsieh (2010) recruited a sample of 260 different employees working within multi-national corporations in Shanghai in the semiconductor industry to determine the potential relationship between intention to leave and pay systems at the firms. The questionnaire instruments utilised for the study provided results that pay satisfaction was the most significant method for satisfying employees and reducing turnover intentions (Wang et al. 2010). Offering wages that were higher than the competitive environment within other firms substantially increased Chinese employees’ organisational commitment. Cotton and Tuttle (1986) support these findings, indicating that HR strategies involving the development of remuneration and bonus packages greatly improved organisational commitment and, hence, reduced employee intention to leave the organisation. Even though not all companies have the financial resources available to offer hig h quality remuneration packages, there are opportunities for even smaller Chinese firms to use some sort of monetary incentives in a culture that legitimately values the importance of pay. The study conducted by Cotton and Tuttle (1986) illustrates that pay values are significantly important for Chinese staff members, a phenomenon which has endured into contemporary Chinese businesses. Another study conducted by Ming, Zivlak and Ljubicic (2011) engaged a sampling of Chinese employees in the fashion retail sector. Research findings indicated that 78 percent of respondents cited pay dissatisfaction as the primary motivator for wanting to leave the organisation. Turnover rates at the four different organisations were between 26.69 percent and 36.45 percent (Ming et al. 2011),... This paper stresses that the majority of contemporary HR strategies being utilised in Chinese firms are largely successful. Establishment of participative leadership practices gives employees a greater sense of ownership and value within the organisation, causing them to remain committed and dedicated to the organisation. Coupled with the establishment of autonomous working environments provides the same motivation and dedication which has the opportunity to reduce turnover ratios. This report makes a conclusion that the most fundamental finding of the research is the shifting dynamics of manager-employee relationships that confounds the traditional model of management in which there is ample power distance. Giving employees more communications, information and opportunities to share their opinion and innovative solutions better satisfies Chinese employees, whether a product of adopting Western models of business management or whether as a product of an evolving and liberalising culture. The engagement quality between managers and employees cannot be under-emphasised and more HR leaders should be training managers and developing communications systems that provide for a more decentralised environment. The only potential hindrance to active HR policy in China, as illustrated by the research, is the extent to which autonomous working systems have been established and implemented. Stress and anxiety as two potential outcomes of working independently of management control should be major concerns for HR managers in China attempting to reduce turnover through policies allowing for self-sufficiency and self-evaluation.

Management Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Case Study - Essay Example he sports facilities managers to be effective, they need to handle issues and all aspects of management in a creative manner, including programming that would maintain high quality of the facilities and are based on standards and legislation (Leberman, Collins and Trenberth, 375). Designing the facility, managing the assets of the facility, management of contracts and leases, management of risks, and monitoring are some of the roles that sports facilities managers have to consider (Leberman, Collins and Trenberth, 375). Management of sports facilities generally involve several parts such as direct management which is done by the owners of the facilities, contract management where the management is contracted to an individual manager or any management groups, lease management, and joint management. Depending on the form of management, the control over the facilities and the responsibilities vary. However, in order to achieve any of the above mentioned management styles, suitable management plan are highly essential. With a good plan of management, the efficiency and effectiveness of the facility is achieved and maintained (Managing facilities). The present study focuses on choosing a sport facility and learning about its management processes. The aim of the study is to choose a sport facility and have an understanding of the management processes followed in the facility. The facility that has been considered for the case study is the Emirates stadium. In order to achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: The Emirates stadium is in London built on an area that was formerly a brown field industrial estate. With the new stadium built in the area, it not only allowed football clubs like Arsenal to make their places in the stadium, but also enabled regeneration of the total area. The architecture and design of the stadium was under the charge of Populous who are leaders in the field of architectures. Buro Happold are the engineers who were consulted

The Victorian ideal Essay Example for Free

The Victorian ideal Essay The Victorian ideal of womanhood is The Angel in the house. How does Dickens handle his female characters in Great Expectations and how do they relate to this ideal?  Ben A 11wd  In Great Expectations, there are a wide variety of curious and eccentric characters, but it seems that overall, there are significantly more curious female characters (Estella, Miss Havisham, Mrs Joe) than there are male characters (e.g. Mr Pumblechook). It is possible that the reason for the high number of strange women characters might be down to one or more personal experiences in Dickens life. Mrs Joe Gargery, for instance, was directly influenced by Dickens mother, Elizabeth Dickens, who sent Charles, at the age of twelve, to work in a shoe polish factory in order to support the family, who at the time were locked in prison due to the tremendous amount of debt Dickens father was in. Mrs Joe is an exaggerated caricature of Elizabeth, and the antithesis of the angel in the house. The phrase The Angel In The House has its roots in a poem written by the British lyricist Coventry Patmore. He believed that his wife Emily was the perfect incarnation of womanhood; i.e. she was beautiful, obedient, polite, a good cook etc, and it was from her influence that the 211 page volume was written in 1854, and from that poem sprung the expression used to describe a proper housewife doing her duties. Although popular, it received a lot of negative press from the more intelligent liberals both then and now, with some views being reflected by people such as Nel Noddings, who claimed that the Angel was infantile, weak and mindless. But surprisingly, Dickens was actually a supporter of the image presented by Patmore, as were the majority of individuals of the time, even if it does appear that he is criticising the angelic ideal with the character of Mrs Joe for instance, as Dickens actually held quite conservative views on the idea. Mrs Joe is possibly the least angelic person in the entire book, primarily as step by step, Dickens parallels her on every single stage with the Angel, to make her as least angelic as he can, or at least, it appears that he does. She carries with her a stick used for whacking, which Dickens ironically christens Tickler, which she uses to attack both Pip and Joe regularly. There is the image of the thimble, which would usually be used by a housewife similar to the one described in Patmores poem in order to safely knit and sew clothes, and yet Mrs Joe uses it to bash Pip on the head, which is almost the exact opposite of its original purpose. Dickens also appears to cover the ideal of women being perfect cooks, usoing the symbolism of Mrs Joe dropping nails from her top pocket into the bread dough as she is kneading it. being housewives, they would go out an earn money for the family.  The women in Great Expectations range through the social classes from the very top to the very base, and yet all of them have severe defects and are not usually very friendly or caring at all. The most evident of these are the characters of Mrs Joe Gargery and Estella, and to a lesser extent, Molly, Jaggers servant. They all come from different backgrounds, and yet one deals out physical abuse to her husband and brother, one treats the main character with neglect and pretends to loathe him out of spite simply because hes madly in love with her, and the other murdered her newborn baby, of which examples can give us quite a good idea of Dickens attitudes to class as it shows that there is no difference in how nice a person is just because of their status in society. Dickens is trying to suggest that the idea that it was the social class that you were brought up in that defined your personality and character in later life was pure speculation and had no basis in truth whatsoever. It is therefore an opinion voicing not only Dickens personal and more subtly hidden opinions on women, but also another expression of his more widely-known opinions on the Social Class system of England in the Victorian era. Dickens had a sense of social justice in that he was a firm believer that the poor of the country were being treated horribly by the people further up the class system, and although he was no radical or revolutionist, he did believe that it was wrong and so voiced his opinions quite openly in his books concerning this issue. He went from working in a factory when he was twelve to a world renowned author in 30 years, and so held these beliefs firmly and was not merely passing abstract comment on these issues.

European Commission’s Proposal on Software Patents :: Technology Computers Essays

European Commission’s Proposal on Software Patents The European Commission should maintain and clarify its limitations on patents for software, to fight against American mega companies attempting to globally monopolize software, to avoid the mistakes the United States has made, and to potentially let Europe emerge as a software mecca, where software can continue to make significant advancements. This viewpoint can be supported with several ethical considerations, including Ethical Egoism, Utilitarianism, and Pluralism. General View on Software Patents Purpose of a Patent Patents have a dual role in our society. An invention or new creation should be shared with the public and peers to enrich the public body of technical knowledge. In return, society rewards inventors for their efforts by giving a monopolistic control over the invention. In general, patents cover a practical implementation of an idea, as in a product, and not the idea itself. The patent system is in place to promote innovation. Patents on Software Merriam-Webster defines software as, â€Å"something used or associated with and usually contrasted with hardware: as: the entire set of programs, procedures, and related documentation associated with a system and especially a computer system; specifically : computer programs.†[1] Britannica Encyclopedia defines software as, â€Å"instructions that tell a computer what to do.†[2] These definitions of software as a set of instructions, or an associated part with hardware, immediately differentiate it from your typical invented product. By itself you do not have a product, yet United States case law has contended that once you put that software on a disc, you do have a product. Patents have been crucial to distributing your typical technical innovation. Software has no such limitation. Software ideas and innovations have spread quickly through the public domain of information. Some reasons for software distributing so quickly is its relative immaturity as a science and engineering practice, extensive freely distribution from universities, and a near direct fiscal value in general acceptance and use of a software concept[3]. Software innovation has flourished under the general availability of software code, concepts, and tools. Additionally, software is developed incrementally, building quickly on existing concepts. In general, the patent system has been shown to slow the development of incrementally developing technologies such as software[4]. Some Good Software Patents Very carefully reviewed, and perhaps shorter duration software patents could benefit innovation. A software implementation that might otherwise be kept hidden behind trade secret in a company could be revealed to the public for an exchange of monopolistic control.

Atomic bomb Essay

Did the USA need to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945? On the 6th of August 1945, the US dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima,1ushering in the nuclear age. The bomb caused the deaths of over 100,000 people,2with the bulk of the destruction pertaining to innocent civilians. Three days later, the Americans repeated their action at Nagasaki. The aim of the US was not, however, to cause complete annihilation of the Japanese, but to seize the fierce nationalism within Japan, ending world war two. Arguably, this was achieved, with the Emperor Hirohito broadcasting their surrender on the 15th of August.3However, was the Americans use of nuclear warfare justified in their bid for world peace? President of the time Harry Truman stated, â€Å"I never lost any sleep over my decision (to drop the Atomic bomb)†, yet, Americans have since been subject to fierce revisionist denialism that there was not an over riding need to employ such a controversial tactic. By 1945 Japan was in ruins. America had continuously bombed strategic Japanese locations, and implemented a blockade that had dramatic effects on the nations civilians, suggesting that the Japanese were close to surrender without the implantation of the A bomb. Conversely, the US had witnessed the Japanese’s determination to fight to the bitter end , rather than surrender, and their failure to respond to the Potsdam declaration clearly illustrated this. Through analyzing the historical context in which this dramatic act of war occurred it is difficult to come to a sound judgment on the necessity of America’s actions. Due to the consequences that would have triggered if the war had continued, i believe that the US did need to drop the bomb on Hiroshima, however, it was not necessary to drop the following bomb on Nagasaki. With the break out of World War two, Hitlers initial victories captured the imagination of the Japanese militarists, showing what could be achieved through a program of territorial expansionism. Due to the war, changes occurred in Europe’s colonial powers, which created a power vacuum in South East Asia, and a perfect stage for Japan to expand their influence; as Edwin P Hoyt stated â€Å"Japans ambition at the lowest level was to replace the Europeans and the Americans as the colonial powers†¦establishing an Asian  Federation†. This shift in power however was not supported by the US , creating a poisonous relationship between the two nations that would end in catosptrophy. The US implemented harsh economic sanctions, resulting in an ultimatum for Japan. Japan could either give into the pressure from the US and retreat from South East Asia, or , they could advance to take over the resources of Malaya and the oil fields of the Netherlands East Indies, which would indefinitely lead to war with the US. Historian Hugh brogan affirms Roosevelt was â€Å" convinced US would enter the war†¦yet refused to fire the first shot†. The Japanese planned to adopt a dual approach were upon they would enter into negotiations with the US and prepare for war at the same time. The Japanese believed that war might be avoided if the 1  L.Morton, Decision to use the Atomic bomb, Foreign Affairs, 1956. US dropped the sanctions in return for their withdrawal from Indochina; however, on the 26th of November Cordell Hull made an unacceptable demand, claiming that the Japanese were required to withdraw from not just Indo China, but also China. Japan deemed this unacceptable, and at the Imperial Conference 1st December 1941 a final decision was made to go to war with the US, and orders were made to carry out a surprise attack on the US naval base of Pearl Harbour. On the 7th of December 1941 the Japanese attacked the American fleet at Pearl Harbour, killing 2388 soldiers 9, in the hopes of knocking the United States out of a Pacific war, allowing them to pursue their strategic and imperialistic goals. However, Japans failure to achieve total victory meant that the Japanese unified a nation against them, which then mobilised its mighty economy into a war machine that eventually defeated Japan. The importance in understanding the context which resulted in Japan and US warfare is vital in evaluating whether the US needed to drop the Atomic bomb. This being as it is evident that since the emergence of Japan as world power, the US have been present, and determined to minimise the Japanese’s influence. This relationship of dominance , whereby the US hands Japan harsh ultimatums is arguably one of the reasons why Japan refused to surrender in 1945, and will be discussed in depth as the essay progresses. As the conflict between the US and Japan developed the Japanese initially stunned the United States with their success, ending the period of European colonial rule in Asia within just 6 months, bringing to fruition the Japanese dream of a Greater East Asia Co Prosperity Sphere. The Japanese demolished the creed of European and white superiority that had been the bastion of European colonialism in Asia, completely reshaping the political dynamics of Asia. However, intoxicated by their success, rather than consolidating their gains, they still searched for new opportunities. The Allies began their counter attack, however, became aware of the determination that defined Japanese militarism, whereby their soldiers were willing to fight to death, rather than surrender. During December and January 1944 and 1945 the Americans regularly bombed the islands of Iwo Jima, launched 334 B’29s on the capital Tokyo killing 83000 people in March, and attacked Okinawa, the site of a major military base10. Thus by July 1945, Japan had few ships and planes to defend itself, and was met with leaflets from the US announcing in advance where the next attack would take place, urging people to surrender. Furthermore, the blockade implemented by the allies was severely impacting the Japanese, solidifying that defeat was inevitable, yet the Allies heard no news of surrender from the Emperor. Consequently the US began to evaluate the implementation of the A bomb as a necessary method in order to bring the war to a conclusion. President Truman described the Atomic project as the ‘greatest scientific gamble in history’ and believes his decision to drop it was unquestionably the right decision, bringing the war to a quick. end, and saving the lives of thousands of Allies. Prior to its use, the Potsdam Declaration was released, informing the Japanese that they must surrender unconditionally or face ‘prompt and utter destruction’. (Unknown to the Japanese this was a reference to the A-Bomb). The allies hoped that an invasion of Japan could be avoided if the declaration was accepted, however, with the Japanese’ failure to reply, the count down to the first  use of an atomic bomb moved onward. On the 6th of August 1945, the Enola Gay was released over the city of Hiroshima12, an unprecedented attack resulting in mass scale destruction. President Truman announced following that ‘If Japan does not now accept our terms they may expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth’. 13However, despite, the destruction of Hiroshima, the American Government received no communications from the Japanese government in Tokyo, resulting in a secon d bomb launched on Nagasaki. Consequently, on the 14th of August, after failed attempts of safeguarding his position, the Emperor accepted the Allied terms. Hirohito made an official radio broadcast to the nation, stating ‘should we continue to fight†¦it would lead to the total extinction of human civilisation’, 14and on the 2nd of September, aboard the Missouri, the main surrender occurred, ending the conflict in the pacific. The atomic bomb, although causing mass scale disaster, finished the cruel and drawn out conflict, however, does that mean that it was necessary, and can be justified? Perhaps the biggest debate which argues that the bomb was not needed was that fact Japan was in fact already defeated. Dennis Wainstock, author of ‘The decision to drop the bomb’ believes that the blockade, in conjunction with the B’29s attack destroyed Japan, broadening the realisation of defeat. Rear Admiral Tochitane Takata said ‘The b29’s were the greatest single factor in forcing the Japanese to surrender’ with Lieutenant General Kawabe believing ‘it is my opinion our loss in the air lost us the war’.16 Furthermore, Japan was economically dependant on foreign sources, thus the blockade favoured the conviction that defeat was inevitable as the Japanese population was starving to death. Additionally, there is significant evidence to support the argument that Japan would have surrended without use of the Atomic bomb, had the US been willing to safe guard the position of the Emperor. The Soviet Union received world from high-level Japanese sources confirming this, which, although many deny American knew about, Secretary of War Henry Stimson wrote ‘It was known to us that she had gone so far as to make tentative proposals to the soviet Government†¦not considered seriously’. However despite the aforementioned evidence suggesting that the Japanese were already defeated, it is arguable that that did not mean that they would surrender. throughout the war that, despite severe loss, they would rather die, than surrender. The invasion of Iwo Jima and Okinawa resulted in severe casualties, yet the Allies heard no talk of negotiations. Joseph C.Grew, who was the former Ambassador to Japan believed, through ‘intimate experience with the Japanese thinking and psychology over an extensive period’18 that regardless of military defeat, it would be highly unlikely that Japan would of their own initiative surrender. Additionally, Historian Barton Bernstein wrote ‘ no one who looks at intransigence of the Japanese militarists should have full confidence in any other strategy (apart from the A bomb), 19which affirms Truman’s decision that it was necessary in order to bring the war to a quick end. Furthermore, The American public was overwhelmingly behind the atomic bombing of Japan, with the bomb receiving an 85% approval 20rating, proving that within the context of the disaster, it was not considered to be as controversial as it is with the power of hindsight. From analysing the arguments for and against the US decision to drop the A bomb on Hiroshima it is clear that this controversial act of war is not easily declared right or wrong. However, arguably it is harder to argue on the side of the Allies when it comes to determining the necessity of the second bomb on Nagasaki. After the dropping of the first bomb, the Soviets declared war on Japan, which many historians believe would have been more than enough to convince the Japanese to surrender. As John W. Downer affirms in ‘Unconditional surrender at the Smithsonian’, ‘most Japanese accounts then and since weigh the soviet declaration of war as being at least as shocking as the Hiroshima bombing’. Further supported by Historian Gar Alperovitz, who believes that the shock of a soviet declaration of war would force Japan to realise defeat was inevitable and then clarification of surrender terms (assurance of the Emperor) would produce the surrender before an invasion took place. However, the US failed to hear a response in the delegated amount of time, and thusly, launched a second bomb on Nagasaki, resulting in the eventual surrender of Ja pan. When the US made their decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan, initiating the nuclear arms race, it was inevitable that Truman’s decision would be analysed, causing controversy for years to come. There is a plethora of published work that strongly believes that the US decision to  employ the A bomb was a mistake, and was blatantly not necessary as Japan was so weak indicating that surrender was not far off. Additionally, it cannot be forgotten that the victims of the bomb were primarily innocent civilians, thus from a moral point of view, the action cannot be justified. However, Japans militaristic attitude throughout the war consistently affirmed the US belief that Japan would never surrender of their own accord, and the A bomb was a necessary action in order to conclude the war. From analysing both sides of the argument i believe that the US did need to drop the first bomb in order to display to Japan that they did not have any other option but to surrender, however, the dropping of the second bomb was definitely not needed. The bombing of Hiroshima, in conjunction with the entry of the Soviet Union was more than enough to force Japan to surrender, and thusly, the bombing of Nagasaki cannot be justified. Bibliography Books 1. A.Pollock, D.McKinlay, J.Cantwell, Conflict in the Pacific 1937-195, McGraw Hill Publications, Australia 2003. 2. H.Truman, Memoir: Year of Decisions, Garden City 1955 3. H.L.Stimson, M.Bundy, On Active Service in peace and War, Harper and Brothers, New York 1948 4. D.Eisenhower, The white house years: Mandate for change 1953-1956, Garden City 1963 5. W.D.Leahy, I was there, Whittlesey House, New York 1950 6. J.C.Grew, Turbulent Era: A diplomatic Record of forty years 1904-1945, Hougton Mifflin Company 1952 7. H.L.Stimson, The decision to use the Atomic Bomb, week 13 reading 8. K.Doak, Nationalism in Modern Japan, Koninklike 2007, 9. E.Cannizzaro, The Law of Treaties beyond the Vienna Convention, Oxford 10. E.P.Hoyt, University Press 2011,Japans war: The Great Pacific Conflic, Random House 1971 11. D.D.Wainstock, The Decision to drop the Atomic Bomb, Prager Publishers, 1996 12. G. Alperovitz, The Decision to drop the Bomb, Vintage Books 1996 Articles 1. Barton J. Bernstein, A post war myth, 50000 U.S lives saved, Bulliten of Atomic Scientists, vol 3 no.9 2. John W. Dower, Unconditional Surrender at the Smithsonian, Week 13 Reading 3. L.Morton, Decision to use the Atomic bomb, Foreign Affairs, 1956 Website 1.The project of the Nuclear Age Peace foundation.org http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/ correspondence/stimson-henry/corr_stimson_1945-07-31.htm